Missouri River, South Dakota, near Yankton

Missouri River Facts & FAQs

Missouri River near Yankton

The mighty Missouri River spans 2,300 miles, making it the longest river in the United States. Stretching from the Rocky Mountains through the American heartland, the Mighty Mo’ holds deep historical, ecological and geographical significance. It’s been a primary food, trade, exploration and transportation route for thousands of years.

In 1804, Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition up the Missouri River to explore the newly acquired western part of the country after the Louisiana Purchase. This famous expedition resulted in identifying new plants and animals, expanding the fur trade and strengthening U.S. claims to the Pacific. From there, cities and towns sprouted on its banks and grew into thriving communities.

As one of the Great 8 landmarks, it’s a must-see on a South Dakota trip. The towns of Chamberlain and Oacoma, Mobridge, Pierre and Winner are great stops with unique offerings along the way. Discover why the mighty Missouri is so important — to South Dakota and the entire United States. While nothing beats sitting on its powerful banks in person, here are some fun facts about the Missouri River.

Lake Oahe
Lake Oahe
Aerial view of the Missouri River
Missouri River
Lewis and Clark State Recreation Area
Lewis and Clark Recreation Area

Facts About the Missouri River

 

How long is the Missouri River?

At 2,341 miles, the Missouri River is America’s longest, followed by the Mississippi, Yukon, Rio Grande and Colorado rivers.

Where does the Missouri River start and end?

The Missouri River starts west of Bozeman, Montana, where the Gallatin, Jefferson and Madison rivers converge at Three Forks. It then travels more than 2,300 miles before joining the Mississippi in St. Louis, Missouri, and rolling south toward the Gulf of Mexico.

How deep is the Missouri River?

The depth of the Missouri River ranges from 10 to 20 feet, though depth sharply decreases outside of the channel.

Where does the Missouri River meet the Mississippi River?

Approximately 15 miles upstream of St. Louis, on the border between Missouri and Illinois.

Where are the headwaters of the Missouri River?

The headwaters are just west of Bozeman, Montana, where the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin Rivers converge at Three Forks.

What is the Missouri National Recreational River, and Where Is It?

The Missouri National Recreational River comprises two sections of the Missouri River between Pickstown and Nebraska’s Ponca State Park, separated in the middle by Lewis and Clark Lake. This 98-mile stretch is part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, which protects free-flowing rivers with outstanding natural, cultural and recreational qualities. Take in the river’s beauty at Randall Creek Recreation Area, Lewis and Clark Recreation Area, and other access points along the river. 

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Which states does the Missouri River run through?

Montana, North Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and, most importantly, South Dakota.

Which South Dakota reservoirs are part of the Missouri River?

Lake Oahe, Lake Sharpe, Lewis and Clark Lake, and Lake Francis Case are all part of the Missouri River. Thanks to dams near Pierre, Fort Thompson, Pickstown and Yankton, four large reservoirs exist along the length of the Missouri River, offering excellent fishing, boating, jet-skiing, sailing and more.

What kind of wildlife lives in the South Dakota regions of the Missouri River?

You’ll find a wide variety of wildlife year-round in South Dakota’s Missouri River region, from ring-necked pheasants and bald eagles to badgers, beavers and herds of buffalo and deer.

What is a nickname for the Missouri River?

The Missouri River has long been nicknamed “Big Muddy” because of the enormous amount of dirt and rock sediment it pushes through the river system.

Plan Your Trip

A trip to South Dakota isn’t complete without visiting the Missouri River. Camp and hike at Lewis and Clark Recreation Area or take a scenic drive on the Native American National & State Scenic Byway. Come get mighty in South Dakota!

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Illustrated image of three bison grazing in Custer State Park. The Needles rock formation is visible in the background.
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